El Departamento de Estado norteamericano dio a conocer este 30 de abril su Informe por Países sobre Terrorismo 2007.
El informe está elaborado de manera conjunta por el Departamento de Estado y el Centro Nacional Contra el Terrorismo (NCTC).
El texto señala que Al Qaeda es aún la principal amenaza terrorista para EE UU y que ha logrado recuperar parte de la capacidad que tenía antes de los atentados del 11-S.
Según el informe, en el año 2007 hubo 14,499 ataques terroristas en todo el mundo, lo que supone una pequeña reducción de los 14,570 atentados ocurridos en 2006.
Poco más de 22,000 personas fueron asesinadas por terroristas en todo el mundo, un 8% más que en 2006, aunque -se precisa que- la cifra de atentados se redujo.
“El año pasado, casi 9,400 agentes de policía resultaron lesionados o muertos. Observamos también que aumentó el número de ataques contra las escuelas”, indicó Russ Travers, subdirector de NCTC.
"Nuestros informes indican también que más de 2,400 niños fueron muertos. La cifra es indudablemente mucho más alta, pero esto es [lo que] hemos podido documentar"
"Numerosos activistas de alto rango de Al Qaeda han sido capturados o han muerto, pero los líderes de la organización siguen planeando atentados y cultivando conexiones operativas más fuertes que irradian desde Pakistán a afiliados en Oriente Medio, el Magreb y Europa", explica el informe.
En tanto, en Afganistán, el movimiento talibán y otros grupos insurgentes, algunos con vínculos con Al Qaeda, "continuaron su amenaza al país".
El informe incluye, como en años anteriores, a Cuba, Irán, Corea del Norte y Sudán en la lista de países patrocinadores del terrorismo. De todos ellos, se subraya, Irán "sigue siendo el más significativo" y su capacidad de perpetrar acciones terroristas en el exterior es "un elemento críticamente importante de la estrategia de seguridad nacional iraní".
Situación en el Hemisferio Occidental /:
"Los principales perpetradores de actos terroristas en el Hemisferio Occidental fueron organizaciones terroristas extranjeras de base regional en Colombia y remanentes de los grupos andinos radicales de izquierda.
"Con la excepción de Estados Unidos y Canadá, en donde se llevan a cabo los juicios de algunos sospechosos de terrorismo, no se conocen células operativas de terroristas islámicos en el hemisferio, aunque hay grupos de simpatizantes de la ideología en América del Sur y en el Caribe que ofrecen apoyo económico y moral a grupos terroristas de Oriente Medio.
"En mayo de 2007, Venezuela fue certificada nuevamente por “no cooperar plenamente” con los esfuerzos antiterroristas de Estados Unidos, de conformidad con la sección 40-A de la Ley de Exportación y Control de Armas tal como fue enmendada. La corrupción extensa en el gobierno y el ejército de Venezuela, vínculos ideológicos con las FARC y políticas poco enérgicas contra los narcóticos han estimulado un entorno operativo permisivo para los narcotraficantes y un incremento en el tráfico de drogas hacia Europa, África y EE UU.
"Cuba sigue siendo un estado patrocinador del terrorismo.
"La amenaza de un ataque terrorista transnacional continúa siendo leve para la mayoría de los países del hemisferio.
"Algunos países como Argentina, Panamá, Paraguay, México, y El Salvador realizaron serios esfuerzos de prevención y preparación. Otros no mostraron la urgencia y determinación para tratar las deficiencias en sus posturas antiterroristas.
"Los países del Caribe y América Central, al reconocer su vulnerabilidad ante los ataques y el tránsito terrorista, tomaron medidas para mejorar sus controles fronterizos y asegurar la infraestructura clave, especialmente los puertos y aeropuertos.
"La mayoría de los países comenzaron a considerar seriamente las posibles conexiones entre las organizaciones delictivas internacionales y las organizaciones terroristas.
Colombia mantuvo y reforzó su estrategia de “seguridad democrática” al enfrontar directamente la convergencia de las amenazas del terrorismo, los nuevos grupos delictivos que surgen, las organizaciones de narcotráfico y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC).
El hemisferio cuenta con el Comité Interamericano contra el Terrorismo (CICTE) de la OEA, que es el único cuerpo regional multilateral permanente centrado exclusivamente en antiterrorismo.
México y Canadá fueron asociados claves en la guerra contra el terrorismo y en la seguridad nacional de Estados Unidos. La cooperación con estos países ha sido amplia y profunda, a todos los niveles de gobierno y prácticamente en todas las agencias, en iniciativas varias.
"Al reconocer la amenaza del tránsito terrorista, México ha trabajado con Estados Unidos para mejorar la seguridad en materia de aviación, de fronteras, marítima y de transporte, para asegurar infraestructura crítica y combatir la financiación del terrorismo.
En Perú, las fuerzas del orden emprendieron una agresiva acción contra los grupos terroristas internos que resurgen. No está claro aún hasta qué punto el gobierno de Venezuela proveyó apoyo a terroristas colombianos.
El informe indica que Cuba "permanece opuesta a la política antiterrorista de EE UU y condenó pública y activamente muchas políticas y medidas estadounidenses en este campo''. El documento agrega que Cuba sigue ofreciendo santuario a más de 70 fugitivos de la justicia estadounidense y a miembros del grupo español ETA y miembros de los grupos rebeldes colombianos FARC y ELN.
Funcionarios del Departamento de Estado consideraron “positivo” el hecho de que el gobierno de México haya ofrecido al EPR un “diálogo directo” con sus integrantes. “Lo consideramos positivo porque siempre estaremos a favor de una solución política”, aseguró un funcionario del Departamento de Estado que pidió permanecer en el anonimato.
Venezuela el prietito en el arroz.
Venezuela el prietito en el arroz.
Venezuela no revisa a los pasajeros que llegan a Caracas en su vuelo semanal desde Teherán y Damasco, indica el informe; agrega que ese país estableció vuelos semanales a Irán y Siria en marzo del año pasado y que los pasajeros que llegan de esos países al Aeropuerto Internacional Simón Bolívar "no estaban sujetos a los controles de inmigración y aduanas''.
junio, Abdul Kadir, uno de los sospechosos un atentado contra el Aeropuerto Internacional JFK de Nueva York, fue arrestado en Puerto España, Trinidad, con un boleto para volar a Teherán con escala en Caracas. Venezuela es "un atractivo punto intermedio para los terroristas'' por sus controles poco estrictos de documentos de identidad y de viajes, agrega el informe.
Venezuela es la oveja negra que se resiste a colaborar en su alianza antiterrorista pero sin llegar a colocarla en la lista de naciones que arropan o financian actividades terroristas. “Venezuela ha estado en la lista de países que no cooperan desde el 2006”, dijo Dell Dailey, coordinador de la Oficina de Lucha contra el Terrorismo, al sugerir que el gobierno de Chávez se desliza poco a poco por la pendiente de los países que patrocinan el terrorismo por sus vínculos con Cuba, Irán y su presunta colaboración con las FARC. .“Cuando tengamos suficientes indicaciones de que es así, podríamos reclasificarlo como país patrocinador. Pero, por el momento, no es el caso”, aseguró el funcionario Dailey.
Por su parte, el presidente venezolano, Hugo Chávez, se burló del informe “¡Uy, qué susto!”, exclamó al tiempo que se burló de Dailey.
El presidente Chávez afirmó, durante un acto con trabajadores públicos en un teatro capitalino, el informe que emitió el miércoles el Departamento de Estado sobre el terrorismo en el mundo. "Se quedaron con las ganas de incluirnos en la lista de países que apoyan al terrorismo, pero ellos van a seguir trabajando ese tema".
Texto completo en Ingles:
Country Reports on Terrorism
eleased by the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism
April 30, 2008
Chapter 2 -- Country Reports: Western Hemisphere Overview
Mexico
Since entering office in December 2006, President Calderón's Administration has demonstrated an unprecedented commitment to improve national security, which included taking a leadership role to improve the region’s response to the threat posed by transnational crime. Moreover, the Mexican government has resolved to strengthen law enforcement and counterterrorism cooperation with the United States. The already strong relationships existing between U.S. and Mexican law enforcement agencies improved further. Mexico worked with the United States to secure critical infrastructure, combat terrorism financing, and enhance aviation, border, maritime, and transportation security.
Although the July and September attacks on oil and gas pipelines by a guerrilla group called the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR) raised the specter of domestic terrorism, Mexico primarily represented a terrorist transit threat and our bilateral efforts focused squarely on minimizing that threat. The Mexican government made steady progress on counterterrorism and alien smuggling in 2007. It restructured and strengthened the institutions directly responsible for fighting organized crime, and developed tools under the framework of the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) to address national security threats more effectively.
Information sharing on counterterrorism issues in the first year of the Calderón Administration was strong. We will continue working with Mexico to improve existing information sharing initiatives. In particular, we will continue to support digitalization of the government’s information-gathering procedures to build a database of usable biometric information and to strengthen our ability to analyze accurately the information provided by Mexico. In 2007, Mexico signed an arrangement pursuant to Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) No. 6, with the United States, for the exchange of terrorist screening information.
The continued exploitation of smuggling channels traversing the U.S.-Mexico border and the lack of enforcement along Mexico's border with Guatemala remained strategic concerns. The Government of Mexico acknowledged and responded thoughtfully to U.S. concerns regarding terrorist transit and the smuggling of aliens who may raise terrorism concerns. Mexico passed a federal law against human trafficking, which will aid in pursuing criminal proceedings against traffickers and smugglers. In a recent case, Mexican authorities provided substantial support to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in arresting a third country national wanted in the United States for alien smuggling.
One setback in United States-Mexico counterterrorism cooperation was a change in detention procedures. In 2005 and 2006, Mexico's Immigration Service (INM) maintained a policy of housing all detained aliens who may raise terrorism concerns in their detention facility near Mexico City. In March 2007, however, the INM began releasing such detainees from their point of arrest, thus hindering information sharing and the USG’s ability to track the movement of these aliens.
Nevertheless, cooperation between Mexico and the United States was strong overall, especially in investigating individuals suspected of cooperation with alien smugglers. A particularly effective mechanism was the Operation Against Smugglers Initiative on Safety and Security (OASISS), which allowed Mexican and U.S. law enforcement officials to share real-time information regarding ongoing alien smuggling investigations on a regular basis. OASISS, which is operational in the United States in all four states along the southwest border, and in most of Mexico's northern Border States, enhanced the ability of both governments to prosecute alien smugglers and human traffickers who otherwise might elude justice. The program provided a model for bilateral information sharing in a variety of law enforcement and security areas. An essential next step will be to expand OASISS to all of Mexico's northern border states. At the same time, the United States will need to continue to support Mexican efforts to identify smuggling organizations operating along Mexico's southern border that may raise terrorist concerns.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Security and Public Safety Working Group, formed in March 2006, became another important tool for bilateral cooperation; it established protocols between both governments to respond cooperatively at a local level to critical incidents and emergencies along the border. The success of the pilot sites led to the expansion and formalization of the program. These protocols are now in place along the entire U.S.-Mexico border. The United States was able to develop further its border security relationship with the Mexican government under President Calderón, through training programs, which focused on using non-intrusive inspection equipment, detecting weapons of mass destruction, and identifying fraudulent documents.
Mexico coordinated with the United States on the information sharing of air passenger data and the use of its Integrated System for Migratory Operations (SIOM). In addition, the United States and Mexican governments agreed to share, on a case by case basis, biometric data for comparison to the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS).
In mid-2006, Mexico and the United States began negotiations on programs designed to deter terrorists from using Mexico's seaports to ship illicit materials, detect nuclear or radioactive materials if shipped via sea cargo, and to interdict harmful material before it could be used against the United States or one of our allies. The cooperative effort will include installation of specialized equipment to screen cargo containers for nuclear or other radioactive materials. If anything were detected, the equipment would alert Mexican port officials of the need to further examine the cargo and take appropriate action.
In the area of money laundering, the United States developed strong working relationships with the Financial Intelligence Unit of the Attorney General's Office (PGR), and its companion unit in the Mexican Treasury (Hacienda), to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and narcotics trafficking.
On June 28, President Calderón signed legislation into law outlawing terrorist financing and associated money laundering. The new law established international terrorism and terror financing as serious criminal offenses, as called for in UN resolution 1373, and provided for up to 40-year prison sentences. The measure also incorporated several non-finance related provisions, including jail sentences for individuals who cover up the identities of terrorists and for those who recruit people to commit terrorist acts. The law was a significant step forward in suppressing those who plan, facilitate, finance, or commit terrorist acts, although it lacked some important provisions, such as assets forfeiture measures.
The Mexican Navy and Army continued to expand counterterrorism capabilities. The Mexican Navy improved control over ports of entry by deploying a newly constituted infantry force. The Navy was also looking to expand its still incomplete control over Mexico's vast maritime zone by better integrating radar, patrol craft, sea going vessels, air platforms, and land based platforms. If undertaken, such enhancements to Mexico's maritime air surveillance will allow the Navy to protect more effectively key national strategic facilities, including those related to oil production in the Bay of Campeche.
It remained difficult to assess the Mexican Army's counterterrorism capabilities due to the institution's closed nature. There have been improvements in U.S.-Mexico military-to-military cooperation in the past year, but the United States and Mexican armed forces had limited counterterrorism interoperability.
Since entering office in December 2006, President Calderón's Administration has demonstrated an unprecedented commitment to improve national security, which included taking a leadership role to improve the region’s response to the threat posed by transnational crime. Moreover, the Mexican government has resolved to strengthen law enforcement and counterterrorism cooperation with the United States. The already strong relationships existing between U.S. and Mexican law enforcement agencies improved further. Mexico worked with the United States to secure critical infrastructure, combat terrorism financing, and enhance aviation, border, maritime, and transportation security.
Although the July and September attacks on oil and gas pipelines by a guerrilla group called the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR) raised the specter of domestic terrorism, Mexico primarily represented a terrorist transit threat and our bilateral efforts focused squarely on minimizing that threat. The Mexican government made steady progress on counterterrorism and alien smuggling in 2007. It restructured and strengthened the institutions directly responsible for fighting organized crime, and developed tools under the framework of the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) to address national security threats more effectively.
Information sharing on counterterrorism issues in the first year of the Calderón Administration was strong. We will continue working with Mexico to improve existing information sharing initiatives. In particular, we will continue to support digitalization of the government’s information-gathering procedures to build a database of usable biometric information and to strengthen our ability to analyze accurately the information provided by Mexico. In 2007, Mexico signed an arrangement pursuant to Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) No. 6, with the United States, for the exchange of terrorist screening information.
The continued exploitation of smuggling channels traversing the U.S.-Mexico border and the lack of enforcement along Mexico's border with Guatemala remained strategic concerns. The Government of Mexico acknowledged and responded thoughtfully to U.S. concerns regarding terrorist transit and the smuggling of aliens who may raise terrorism concerns. Mexico passed a federal law against human trafficking, which will aid in pursuing criminal proceedings against traffickers and smugglers. In a recent case, Mexican authorities provided substantial support to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in arresting a third country national wanted in the United States for alien smuggling.
One setback in United States-Mexico counterterrorism cooperation was a change in detention procedures. In 2005 and 2006, Mexico's Immigration Service (INM) maintained a policy of housing all detained aliens who may raise terrorism concerns in their detention facility near Mexico City. In March 2007, however, the INM began releasing such detainees from their point of arrest, thus hindering information sharing and the USG’s ability to track the movement of these aliens.
Nevertheless, cooperation between Mexico and the United States was strong overall, especially in investigating individuals suspected of cooperation with alien smugglers. A particularly effective mechanism was the Operation Against Smugglers Initiative on Safety and Security (OASISS), which allowed Mexican and U.S. law enforcement officials to share real-time information regarding ongoing alien smuggling investigations on a regular basis. OASISS, which is operational in the United States in all four states along the southwest border, and in most of Mexico's northern Border States, enhanced the ability of both governments to prosecute alien smugglers and human traffickers who otherwise might elude justice. The program provided a model for bilateral information sharing in a variety of law enforcement and security areas. An essential next step will be to expand OASISS to all of Mexico's northern border states. At the same time, the United States will need to continue to support Mexican efforts to identify smuggling organizations operating along Mexico's southern border that may raise terrorist concerns.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Security and Public Safety Working Group, formed in March 2006, became another important tool for bilateral cooperation; it established protocols between both governments to respond cooperatively at a local level to critical incidents and emergencies along the border. The success of the pilot sites led to the expansion and formalization of the program. These protocols are now in place along the entire U.S.-Mexico border. The United States was able to develop further its border security relationship with the Mexican government under President Calderón, through training programs, which focused on using non-intrusive inspection equipment, detecting weapons of mass destruction, and identifying fraudulent documents.
Mexico coordinated with the United States on the information sharing of air passenger data and the use of its Integrated System for Migratory Operations (SIOM). In addition, the United States and Mexican governments agreed to share, on a case by case basis, biometric data for comparison to the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS).
In mid-2006, Mexico and the United States began negotiations on programs designed to deter terrorists from using Mexico's seaports to ship illicit materials, detect nuclear or radioactive materials if shipped via sea cargo, and to interdict harmful material before it could be used against the United States or one of our allies. The cooperative effort will include installation of specialized equipment to screen cargo containers for nuclear or other radioactive materials. If anything were detected, the equipment would alert Mexican port officials of the need to further examine the cargo and take appropriate action.
In the area of money laundering, the United States developed strong working relationships with the Financial Intelligence Unit of the Attorney General's Office (PGR), and its companion unit in the Mexican Treasury (Hacienda), to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and narcotics trafficking.
On June 28, President Calderón signed legislation into law outlawing terrorist financing and associated money laundering. The new law established international terrorism and terror financing as serious criminal offenses, as called for in UN resolution 1373, and provided for up to 40-year prison sentences. The measure also incorporated several non-finance related provisions, including jail sentences for individuals who cover up the identities of terrorists and for those who recruit people to commit terrorist acts. The law was a significant step forward in suppressing those who plan, facilitate, finance, or commit terrorist acts, although it lacked some important provisions, such as assets forfeiture measures.
The Mexican Navy and Army continued to expand counterterrorism capabilities. The Mexican Navy improved control over ports of entry by deploying a newly constituted infantry force. The Navy was also looking to expand its still incomplete control over Mexico's vast maritime zone by better integrating radar, patrol craft, sea going vessels, air platforms, and land based platforms. If undertaken, such enhancements to Mexico's maritime air surveillance will allow the Navy to protect more effectively key national strategic facilities, including those related to oil production in the Bay of Campeche.
It remained difficult to assess the Mexican Army's counterterrorism capabilities due to the institution's closed nature. There have been improvements in U.S.-Mexico military-to-military cooperation in the past year, but the United States and Mexican armed forces had limited counterterrorism interoperability.
LAS 42 ORGANIZACIONES CONSIDERADAS COMO TERRORISTA:
Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)
Abu Sayyaf Group
Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade
Ansar al-Sunnah
Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
Asbat al-Ansar
Aum Shinrikyo
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
Communist Party of Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA)
Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)
Gama'a al-Islamiyya (IG)
HAMAS
Harakat ul-Mujahadin (HUM)
Hizballah
Islamic Jihad Group (IJG)
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM)
Jemaah Islamiya Organization (JI)
Al-Jihad
Kahane Chai (Kach)
Kongra-Gel (formerly Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK))
Lashkar e-Tayyiba
Lashkar i Jhangvi (LJ)
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG)
Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM)
Mujahadin-e Khalq Organization (MEK)
National Liberation Army (ELN)
Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)
Al-Qa’ida
Al-Qa’ida in Iraq
Al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) [Formerly Salafist Group for Call and Combat (GSPC)]
Real IRA (RIRA)
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Revolutionary Nuclei (RN)
Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17N)
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
Shining Path (SL)
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC)
Abu Sayyaf Group
Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade
Ansar al-Sunnah
Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
Asbat al-Ansar
Aum Shinrikyo
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
Communist Party of Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA)
Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)
Gama'a al-Islamiyya (IG)
HAMAS
Harakat ul-Mujahadin (HUM)
Hizballah
Islamic Jihad Group (IJG)
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM)
Jemaah Islamiya Organization (JI)
Al-Jihad
Kahane Chai (Kach)
Kongra-Gel (formerly Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK))
Lashkar e-Tayyiba
Lashkar i Jhangvi (LJ)
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG)
Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM)
Mujahadin-e Khalq Organization (MEK)
National Liberation Army (ELN)
Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)
Al-Qa’ida
Al-Qa’ida in Iraq
Al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) [Formerly Salafist Group for Call and Combat (GSPC)]
Real IRA (RIRA)
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Revolutionary Nuclei (RN)
Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17N)
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
Shining Path (SL)
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC)
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